Jama Masjid

Introduction

Ordered by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, this Masjid commonly known as Jama Masjid of Delhi, is the chief mosque of Old Delhi in India and it symbolizes ‘representation of the world’. This being located in one of the oldest streets of Delhi, Chawri Bazar took nearly 6 years to build ranging from 1650 to 1656. Its name ‘Jama Masjid’ was derived out of the Friday noon congregation prayers which happens weekly usually in the "congregational mosque".

This is an enormous mosque that can seat up to twenty-thousand worshippers. Moreover, it also is the home for many artifacts which are stored in a closet of the North gate, also containing an antique copy of the Qur'an that is written on deer skin.

The Jama Masjid of Old Delhi, also known as Masjid-i-Jahan Numa, is one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in India. Built during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, it stands as a testament to the architectural grandeur of the Mughal era. Situated in the heart of Chandni Chowk, near the Red Fort, the mosque is not only a prominent religious site but also a historic and cultural landmark. This article delves into its architecture, history, significance, description, map, and facts, along with its importance for Muslims, especially during Ramadan.

History of Jama Masjid

The Jama Masjid was commissioned by Emperor Shah Jahan in 1644, and its construction was completed in 1656. Designed by architect Ustad Khalil, it was built at a cost of 1 million rupees at that time. It served as the imperial mosque of the Mughals, where the emperor and his subjects would gather for prayers.

The mosque has witnessed various historical events, from the British colonial era to India's independence. Over the centuries, it has remained a center for Islamic worship and a symbol of India's rich heritage.

Architecture of Jama Masjid

The architectural style of Jama Masjid is a blend of Persian, Indian, and Mughal influences, featuring grandeur and intricate detailing.

Key Architectural Features:

• Three Grand Domes: The mosque has three large domes made of white marble, each adorned with black stripes and topped with golden finials.

• Massive Courtyard: Covering an area of 26,000 square feet, the courtyard can accommodate over 25,000 worshippers at a time.

• Two Towering Minarets: Each minaret is 40 meters (131 feet) tall, made of alternating stripes of red sandstone and white marble, offering a panoramic view of Delhi.

• Arched Entrances: The mosque has three arched gates, with the eastern gate being the largest, traditionally used by royal visitors.

• Exquisite Calligraphy: The walls feature beautiful Quranic inscriptions and intricate floral designs.

• Prayer Hall: The main prayer hall has 260 columns, adorned with carved inscriptions and Persian-style decorations

Significance of Jama Masjid

Jama Masjid holds great religious, cultural, and historical importance:

• Religious Hub: It serves as one of the most important places of worship for Muslims in India.

• Historic Landmark: As a Mughal-era masterpiece, it is a key tourist attraction and part of India's rich architectural heritage.

• Symbol of Unity: During significant Islamic festivals like Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha, thousands of devotees gather here for communal prayers.

Description of Jama Masjid

• Location: Situated in the heart of Old Delhi, near Chandni Chowk and the Red Fort.

• Construction Materials: Made primarily of red sandstone and white marble.

• Seating Capacity: Can accommodate 25,000–30,000 worshippers at a time.

• Main Entrance: The eastern gate was reserved for Mughal royals, while the northern and southern gates were for the public.

• Interior Design: Features Persian calligraphy, floral motifs, and symmetrical architecture.   

Map of Jama Masj

Jama Masjid is located at:

• Address: Meena Bazaar, Jama Masjid, Chandni Chowk, Delhi, India

• Latitude/Longitude: 28.6507° N, 77.2334° E

• Nearest Metro Station: Jama Masjid Metro Station (Violet Line)

Interesting Facts About Jama Masjid

1. It is one of the largest mosques in India, covering an area of 1,200 square meters.

2. The mosque was originally called Masjid-i-Jahan Numa, meaning "Mosque commanding the view of the world."

3. It took over 5,000 workers and 12 years to complete the construction.

4. The eastern entrance was used by Mughal emperors for prayers.

5. The mosque was partially damaged during the 1857 Revolt, but later restored.

6. The prayer hall contains a black and white marble mihrab (prayer niche) indicating the direction of Mecca.

7. The steps of Jama Masjid are famous for street food vendors selling delicious kebabs and biryanis.

8. Non-Muslims are allowed to visit outside prayer times but must dress modestly.    

Importance of Jama Masjid During Ramadan

Spiritual and Cultural Significance

Ramadan is the holiest month in Islam, and Jama Masjid becomes a center of religious activities, attracting thousands of devotees.

Special Events During Ramadan:

1. Taraweeh Prayers: Extended night prayers held throughout Ramadan.

2. Iftar Gatherings: Massive iftar (breaking of fast) events, where families and strangers share meals.

3. Quran Recitation: Scholars and imams lead special Quranic recitations and lectures.

4. Charity and Donations: People distribute food and money to the needy, following Islamic teachings.

5. Eid Preparations: The last ten days of Ramadan see a surge in worshippers preparing for Eid-ul-Fitr celebrations.

Atmosphere During Ramadan

• The mosque is illuminated beautifully at night.

• Vendors outside sell traditional iftar delicacies like dates, fruits, kebabs, and sweet dishes.

• The air is filled with spirituality and devotion, making it a unique experience for visitors. 

Jama Masjid of Old Delhi is more than just a mosque; it is a symbol of India's Islamic heritage, architectural excellence, and religious unity. Whether you visit for its historical significance, architectural beauty, or spiritual atmosphere, especially during Ramadan, the experience is truly mesmerizing. As one of India's most revered religious sites, Jama Masjid continues to be a place where history, culture, and faith come together in perfect harmony.