The Basilica di San Petronio is the largest and most important church in Bologna, dedicated to the city's patron saint, Saint Petronius. Located in the historic Piazza Maggiore, this impressive basilica is an architectural masterpiece of Gothic style and holds a rich history dating back to the late 14th century. Though unfinished, its grand structure, exquisite interiors, and historical significance make it a must-visit attraction in Bologna.
How to Reach Basilica di San Petronio, Bologna
The Basilica is situated in the heart of Bologna, making it easily accessible by various means:
- By Train: Bologna Centrale railway station is about a 15-minute walk from Piazza Maggiore.
- By Bus: Several city buses stop near Piazza Maggiore. The closest stops include "Rizzoli" and "Ugo Bassi."
- By Taxi: Taxis are readily available in Bologna and can drop you off near the basilica.
- By Foot: If you are exploring the city center, walking to the basilica is the best way to enjoy Bologna’s historic charm.
Weather in Basilica di San Petronio, Bologna
Bologna experiences a humid subtropical climate, making it suitable for visits year-round:
- Spring (March-May): Pleasant weather (10-20°C), ideal for sightseeing.
- Summer (June-August): Hot and sunny (25-35°C); early morning or late afternoon visits are recommended.
- Autumn (September-November): Mild temperatures (10-22°C), with fewer crowds.
- Winter (December-February): Cool temperatures (0-10°C); indoor visits are comfortable.
Timings of Basilica di San Petronio, Bologna
Opening Hours:
- Monday - Friday: 8:30 AM - 1:00 PM & 3:00 PM - 6:30 PM
- Saturday: 8:30 AM - 6:30 PM
- Sunday & Holidays: 8:30 AM - 1:00 PM & 3:00 PM - 6:30 PM
Timings may vary on religious holidays, so checking in advance is recommended.
Why is Basilica di San Petronio, Bologna Famous?
The Basilica di San Petronio is famous for multiple reasons:
- It is one of the largest churches in the world, originally intended to be larger than St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
- The unfinished façade displays a striking contrast of marble and brickwork.
- The church houses the longest indoor meridian line in the world, designed by astronomer Giovanni Domenico Cassini.
- It holds historical significance as a site of coronations, including that of Emperor Charles V.
- The basilica features stunning chapels, including the controversial depiction of Prophet Muhammad in Dante’s Inferno.
Entry and Visit Details
Entry Fee: The entrance to the basilica is free, but some areas require a small fee.
Special Visits:
- Panoramic Terrace: €3 – offers breathtaking views of Bologna.
- Chapel of the Magi: €3 – features famous frescoes by Giovanni da Modena.
History and Architecture of Basilica di San Petronio
The construction of the basilica began in 1390 under architect Antonio di Vincenzo. The church was intended to be the largest in the world but was left unfinished when Pope Pius IV diverted funds to build the Archiginnasio.
The architectural style is Gothic, with a grand nave and stunning stained-glass windows. The façade remains incomplete, with the lower section adorned with white and pink marble, while the upper portion is exposed brickwork.
One of the most fascinating features inside the basilica is the meridian line, built in 1655, which accurately measures the time of the year using sunlight.
Things to Do at Basilica di San Petronio
- Explore the Chapels: Admire the stunning frescoes and religious art in the numerous chapels inside the basilica.
- Visit the Meridian Line: Learn about Bologna’s astronomical history through Cassini’s meridian line.
- Enjoy Panoramic Views: Climb to the terrace for stunning views of Bologna’s rooftops.
- Admire the Façade: Observe the intricate marble and brickwork on the unfinished façade.
- Attend a Mass: Experience the spiritual atmosphere by attending a religious service.
Interesting Facts about Basilica di San Petronio
- The original plan for the basilica was to surpass St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, but the project was halted by the Pope.
- It houses a rare 15th-century organ, one of the oldest still in use today.
- The Chapel of the Magi contains frescoes that caused controversy due to their depiction of Muhammad.
- The basilica has been a significant site for royal ceremonies, including the coronation of Emperor Charles V in 1530.
- Despite its grand size, the basilica is not Bologna’s official cathedral (that title belongs to Bologna Cathedral).
Tips for Visiting Basilica di San Petronio, Bologna
- Dress modestly, as it is an active place of worship.
- Photography is restricted inside; check the rules before taking pictures.
- Visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon for a quieter experience.
- Take a guided tour to learn more about the basilica’s history and artistic details.
- Climb the terrace for stunning panoramic views of Bologna.
