Chichen Itza

Chichen Itza is one of the most famous archaeological sites in Mexico and a must-visit destination for those traveling to Cancun. Located in the Yucatán Peninsula, this ancient Mayan city showcases remarkable history, culture, and architectural ingenuity. The site was once a bustling metropolis and holds great significance in understanding Mayan civilization. Today, Chichen Itza is not only a UNESCO World Heritage Site but also one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, drawing millions of visitors each year. In this guide, we’ll explore the best ways to reach Chichen Itza, its weather, visiting timings, and all the must-know details about its history, architecture, and more.

How to Reach Chichen Itza from Cancun

Reaching Chichen Itza from Cancun is relatively straightforward, as it is located about 120 miles (200 kilometers) from Cancun, taking around 2.5 to 3 hours by car. Here are the most common ways to get there:

• By Car: Renting a car is one of the most flexible options. You can follow the toll road (Ruta 180) that connects Cancun to Chichen Itza. The drive is scenic, and you can stop along the way to explore nearby towns or cenotes.
• By Bus: There are several bus services that operate between Cancun and Chichen Itza. The ADO bus company offers direct routes that take around 3 hours. Buses depart daily from the Cancun bus station.
• Guided Tours: If you prefer not to drive, there are numerous guided tours available from Cancun. These tours usually include transport, an expert guide, and sometimes meals or additional stops like cenotes or other ruins.

Weather in Chichen Itza

The weather in Chichen Itza is typically hot and humid throughout the year, as it is located in the tropical climate zone of the Yucatán Peninsula. However, there are some variations in temperature and rainfall:

• Dry Season (November to April): This is the most popular time to visit Chichen Itza, with mild temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F) and minimal rain. The skies are generally clear, making it perfect for outdoor exploration.
• Rainy Season (May to October): The rainy season brings more humidity and occasional afternoon showers. Temperatures during this period can be hotter, often reaching over 30°C (86°F). It’s advisable to carry sunscreen, water, and a rain poncho if visiting during these months.

Opening Timings

Chichen Itza is open every day of the week, but it’s essential to be aware of the operating hours:

• Opening Time: 8:00 AM
• Closing Time: 5:00 PM

It’s recommended to arrive early in the morning to avoid the crowds and the midday heat. Additionally, if you prefer a less crowded experience, visiting during the off-peak seasons (such as the months of May or September) can be more pleasant.

Why Chichen Itza is Famous

Chichen Itza is famous for being one of the most advanced cities of the Mayan civilization, which thrived from approximately 600 AD to 1200 AD. The site is home to many iconic structures and features that showcase the architectural and scientific accomplishments of the Maya people. Some of the primary reasons Chichen Itza is so well-known include:

• El Castillo (The Pyramid of Kukulkan): The pyramid is the most recognizable landmark at Chichen Itza and a symbol of the ancient Mayan culture. The pyramid was used as a calendar to track the movement of the sun and stars.
• El Caracol: An observatory built by the Maya to study celestial events, including the movements of planets like Venus. It demonstrates the Maya’s advanced knowledge of astronomy.
• Ball Court: The site contains the largest and best-preserved ball court in Mesoamerica, used for ritual games that had religious and political significance.

Entry and Visit Details

The entry fees for Chichen Itza vary based on nationality and whether you opt for a guided tour. As of recent prices, the general entrance fee for international visitors is around $25 USD, while Mexican nationals pay a reduced fee. There are additional fees for optional services such as professional guides or visiting the cenote.

If you want to explore the site thoroughly, it is recommended to take a guided tour. These tours provide in-depth explanations of the site’s history, significance, and the various structures you’ll see. The cost of a guide usually ranges between $50 to $70 USD, depending on the group size and language preference.

History and Architecture of Chichen Itza

Chichen Itza was a major city of the ancient Mayans, believed to have been founded around the 5th century AD. The city flourished during the Terminal Classic period (approximately 600 AD to 1000 AD), serving as the political, economic, and religious center of the region. It was abandoned around the 10th century but rediscovered in the 19th century.

The architecture of Chichen Itza showcases a combination of Mayan and Toltec influences, seen in the iconic stepped pyramids, temples, and observatories. The structures align with the sun and stars, reflecting the Mayan’s advanced understanding of astronomy and engineering. The most famous architectural structure, El Castillo, is a step pyramid that stands at 24 meters tall, representing the Maya's connection to the gods and their understanding of time.

Things to Do in Chichen Itza

When visiting Chichen Itza, here are a few activities you should consider:

• Explore the Main Pyramid: Climb to the top of El Castillo to marvel at the panoramic views of the site and its surroundings. However, keep in mind that climbing the pyramid is no longer allowed for preservation reasons.
• Visit the Sacred Cenote: A natural sinkhole that was used for religious rituals, including human sacrifices. It's an intriguing and serene spot for photos.
• Attend the Light and Sound Show: In the evenings, a light and sound show is presented that tells the story of Chichen Itza through impressive visual effects.

Interesting Facts About Chichen Itza

• The Pyramid of Kukulkan, or El Castillo, is designed so that during the spring and autumn equinox, the shadow of the snake god Kukulkan appears to slither down the steps of the pyramid.
• The Maya built the ball court in Chichen Itza for a game that involved getting a rubber ball through a stone ring using only elbows, knees, and hips. It was more than just a sport; it had religious and ritual significance.
• Chichen Itza was a significant political and economic center, with an estimated population of 35,000 to 50,000 people at its peak.

Tips for Visiting Chichen Itza

• Bring sunscreen, a hat, and plenty of water, as the sun can be intense, especially during midday.
• Wear comfortable shoes, as there is a lot of walking on uneven terrain.
• If you want to avoid the crowds, try to visit early in the morning or later in the afternoon.
• Respect the site and avoid climbing on the ruins, as this is prohibited to help preserve the ancient structures.